红树林秋茄、桐花树、白骨壤混交生长效果研究

在海滩涂上栽培秋茄、桐花树、白骨壤,经过11a的经营管理,对红树林秋茄、桐花树、白骨壤林木的生长量进行调查分析。结果表明：红树林秋茄、桐花树、白骨壤混交林的林木生长,均比秋茄、桐花树、白骨壤纯林的林木生长效果好。混交林生长的林木树高、胸径、枝下高、树冠,分别比纯林林木生长的树木高大7．69％、7．5％、11．1l％,胸径粗2．17％、11．41％、6．67％,枝下高大2．01％、10．95％、8．57％,冠幅大5．00％、10．53％、13．50％。红树林秋茄、桐花树、白骨壤林木在浅潮位生长,比中潮位林木生长效果好,支柱根大、板状根系发达,吸收海水污染物强,能将盐类物质通过叶片光合作用排到植物体外,可去氮和磷等污染物,净化海边环境,防浪护堤,防止海岸侵蚀,起到保护生态环境作用。     

基于形态与分子数据鉴定海榄雌瘤斑螟

海榄雌瘤斑螟目前是红树林植物白骨壤的重要害虫,其种类在国内存在争议。本研究对福田红树林自然保护区内采集到的螟蛾标本进行了形态学鉴定,同时应用DNA条形码技术进行了进一步确认。本文将海榄雌瘤斑螟样本的线粒体COI序列与数据库中已有序列比对,结果显示海榄雌瘤斑螟COI序列与GenBank数据库中3条P. synataractis和BOLD系统中的32条P. syntaractis序列同源性达98%以上;构建的系统发育树显示福田红树林自然保护区内采集的标本与P. syntaractis聚为一支。综合形态和分子数据确定海榄雌瘤斑螟为P. syntaractis (Turner,1904)。     

条斑紫菜(Pyropia yezoensis)绿斑病病原菌的分离鉴定

绿斑病(Green spot disease)是一种常见的海区栽培条斑紫菜(Pyropia yezoensis)病害，在整个紫菜栽培期间都可能发生，以每年11~12月份最为严重，主要出现在幼叶期和成叶期。首先，在叶状体上出现红色或淡红色小斑，而后逐渐转变为绿色，病斑继续扩展，在叶状体表面形成若干孔洞，后期几乎整个藻体变绿。本研究对日照地区患绿斑病的条斑紫菜进行病原菌分离纯化，得到5株优势菌(编号为Y1~Y5)，人工回感实验结果显示，Y1可以引起健康条斑紫菜发生绿斑病。对Y1进行了生理生化检测、16S rRNA、dnaA和dnaN基因序列分析，确定病原菌为海洋假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas marina)。对绿斑病的发病进程进行了观察，并检测了培养温度、海水比重和养殖密度等环境因子对绿斑病发生的影响，结果显示，高温和高密度养殖会加速绿斑病病情的发展，海水比重为1.022时，绿斑病发病较严重。本研究确定了一株引起条斑紫菜绿斑病的病原菌，并分析了部分理化因子对感染的影响，为条斑紫菜绿斑病的防控提供了基础数据。     

白骨壤酸性多糖的分离纯化及抗补体活性研究

采用热水浸提,乙醇沉淀,超滤,三氯乙酸脱蛋白,DEAE-纤维素柱层析脱色,再经DE-AE-Sepharosefastflow和SephacrylS-400层析,从白骨壤树枝分离纯化得到多糖化合物HAM-3-Ⅱb-Ⅱ,经高效凝胶过滤色谱法和比旋光度测定法鉴定为均一性组分,其重均相对分子质量(Mw)为105200,比旋光度为 27.54°。糖组成分析表明它为酸性杂多糖,主要由半乳糖醛酸、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖和鼠李糖组成。紫外光谱表明其不含核酸和蛋白质等杂质成分;红外光谱证实它是一种酸性果胶类多糖,以α型差向异构为主;补体结合实验表明,该多糖通过经典途径和替代途径共同作用产生显著的抗补体活性,并呈一定的剂量效应关系。     

Mangrove species zonation and soil redox state,sulphide concentration and salinity in Gazi Bay (Kenya), a preliminary study

The relationship between soil redox state, sulphide concentration, salinity and spatial patterns of mangrove species distribution was investigated in the mangrove forest of Gazi Bay (Kenya). Field measurements were conducted to examine the relationship between species distribution along a band transect of 280m and soil redox potential (Eh) and sulphide patterns, as well as the indirectly related (through flooding regimes) soil salinity. Of the three major species Avicenniamarina, Ceriops tagal and Rhizophoramucronata present along the transect, only the distribution of the latter correlated with the measured soil variables, R. mucronata being absent from the lessreduced zone with high salinity. Bruguieragymnorhiza and Heritieralittoralis occur in minor populations, they are restricted to the saline, sulphidepoor and lessreduced substrates. From the results it is concluded that soil redox potential (Eh), sulphide concentration and salinity may contribute to structure mangroves through the distribution of dominant species, however in combination with other environmental conditions and processes of vegetation dynamics.     

Species‐specific communication systems in an introduced toad compared with native frogs in Australia

• 1. Lineage‐specific communication systems may offer innovative ways of targeting control measures at invasive species.
• 2. Recent work has identified such a scenario in invasive cane toads (Bufo marinus) in Australia: toad tadpoles flee from chemical cues derived from crushed conspecifics, and this ‘alarm pheromone’ reduces tadpole survival rates and reduces body size at metamorphosis.
• 3. Before this method can be applied in the field, however, the signal's specificity needs to be tested against a wide range of Australian frog taxa, especially tropical species sympatric with cane toads. A signal that affected native frogs as well as toads clearly would be of little use for toad control.
• 4. Laboratory studies on cane toads and nine native frog taxa from the wet–dry tropics of the Northern Territory (Cyclorana australis, C. longipes, Limnodynastes convexiusculus, Litoria caerulea, L. dahlii, L. nasuta, L. rothii, L. rubella, Opisthodon ornatus) show that toad tadpoles rarely react to chemical cues from crushed frog tadpoles, and that frog tadpoles rarely react to chemical cues from crushed toad tadpoles. Crushed toad tadpoles occasionally elicited low‐level attraction (to a potential food source) by frog tadpoles.
• 5. Overall, frog tadpoles were less responsive to chemical cues (either from crushed conspecifics or crushed toads) than were toad tadpoles. The low level of cross‐lineage reactivity is encouraging for the feasibility of using cane toad alarm pheromones to control this invasive species in Australia; the risk of collateral damage to sympatric native frogs appears to be minimal. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

     

雷州半岛前沿恶劣潮间滩涂红树林造林树种的选择

就雷州半岛典型前沿潮间滩涂的红树植物种类、分布及土壤、水文因子等进行了全面的调查,在附城镇的前沿恶劣滩涂开展了红树植物的移植试验。移植2年后,通过各树种的成活率、生长量和抗逆性的比较,筛选出抗逆红树植物——白骨壤和抗逆速生红树植物——无瓣海桑,二者的造林成活率均高于70%。研究结果为广东省沿海红树林防护林的构建提供理论与技术支持。     

Therapeutic Potential of Hemoglobin Derived from the Marine Worm Arenicola marina (M101): A Literature Review of a Breakthrough Innovation

Oxygen (O₂) is indispensable for aerobic respiration and cellular metabolism. In case of injury, reactive oxygen species are produced, causing oxidative stress, which triggers cell damaging chemical mediators leading to ischemic reperfusion injuries (IRI). Sufficient tissue oxygenation is necessary for optimal wound healing. In this context, several hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers have been developed and tested, especially as graft preservatives for transplant procedures. However, most of the commercially available O₂ carriers increase oxidative stress and show some adverse effects. Interestingly, the hemoglobin derived from the marine lugworm Arenicola marina (M101) has been presented as an efficient therapeutic O₂ carrier with potential anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, it has demonstrated promise as a supplement to conventional organ preservatives by reducing IRI. This review summarizes the properties and various applications of M101. M101 is an innovative oxygen carrier with several beneficial therapeutic properties, and further research must be carried out to determine its efficacy in the management of different pathologies.     

冬季大叶藻与幼参混养效果的模拟研究

在实验室条件下对冬季大叶藻Zosteramarina与刺参却ostichopttsjaponicas当年生幼苗的生态混养效果进行了研究,分析了大叶藻对养殖水体中氨氮、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、磷酸盐的控制作用以及大叶藻对幼参生长的集聚效果。试验设置大叶藻与幼参混养组、幼参单养组和大叶藻单养空白组,每组设5个重复。试验幼参为2010年培育的秋苗（体长2．90cm±0．04cm,体质量0．69g±0．02g）,试验总水体75L,幼参放养密度为1个／L,水温为（15±1）℃,盐度为31～32,光照强度为（271±14）lx,试验共进行30d。结果表明：大叶藻单养组氨氮、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、磷酸盐含量最高;幼参摄食大叶藻碎屑,对水体营养盐起到一定的控制作用,混养组各种营养盐含量居中;幼参单养组各种营养盐含量最低。试验期间,底质情况良好,水质对幼参的生长无影响;大叶藻可为幼参提供附着基,对幼参的集聚效果良好,超过80％的幼参栖息在大叶藻叶片上。